Tempered glass (called toughened glass in UK/AU/NZ markets) is heat-treated to achieve approximately four times the strength of annealed glass, fracturing into small granular pieces upon impact. Laminated glass bonds two or more glass layers with a PVB interlayer, holding fragments in place if shattered. Tempered glass is typically used for doors, shower enclosures, and structural glazing; laminated glass is preferred for facades, skylights, and balustrades where post-breakage retention matters. Both serve distinct safety functions and are often specified together in building projects.